Economic Policy Institute

Wage inequality continued its rise unabated in 2015, according to a new report from EPI senior economist Elise Gould. In Wage inequality continued its 35-year rise in 2015, Gould analyzes real (inflation-adjusted) wage trends in 2015 and shows that, while real wages increased across the board, wage growth was faster at the top of the wage distribution than the bottom—the gap between top earners and the typical worker continues to grow.

Due to a sharp dip in inflation, real hourly wages grew for all workers in 2015. However, falling inflation is unlikely to be a source of durable wage gains in the future. Growth in nominal (non-inflation adjusted) wages has not accelerated, and there is no evidence to indicate that the Federal Reserve Board should raise interest rates in an effort to slow the economy and ward off incipient inflation.

“It’s no surprise that typical workers are frustrated with the economy since wage growth has been slow for so long,” said Gould. “Real wage growth in 2015 is welcome news, since it means workers’ standards of living increased. However, this comes with two large caveats. First, wage inequality showed no sign of slowing down last year. And, meanwhile, relying on falling inflation is an unwanted and unsustainable strategy for increasing living standards.”

The strongest wage growth in 2015 occurred among men at the top of the wage distribution and women at the bottom of wage distribution. Men’s wages at the 95th and 90th percentiles grew by 9.9 percent and 6.2 percent, respectively, compared with only 2.6 percent at the median. Low wage workers, meanwhile, saw greater wage gains in states that increased their minimum wage. Women’s wages at the 10^th percentile, which are lower than men’s at the bottom decile and therefore may be more likely to be impacted by changes in the wage floor, grew 5.2 percent in states with legislated minimum wage increases, compared with only 3.1 percent growth in states without increases.

[From an Economic Policy Institute press release]

As corporations achieve extraordinarily high profit levels and executive pay reaches new heights, wages in certain sectors are so low that even those who work full time must rely on government assistance to make ends meet. A new report from EPI economic analyst David Cooper finds that raising wages for low-wage workers will significantly reduce government spending on public assistance, making billions of dollars a year available for improvements to other anti-poverty programs.

“When employers pay wages so low that working people have to turn to public assistance to make ends meet, they’re effectively receiving a subsidy from taxpayers,” said Cooper. “Policies that raise wages would free up resources that could then be used to strengthen anti-poverty programs or make investments in any number of other policy priorities. The simplest way we can do this is by raising the federal minimum wage.”

The majority (66.6 percent) of individuals and families who receive public assistance work or are in a family in which at least one adult works. This number grows to 71.6 percent when focusing on recipients under the age of 65. More than two-thirds (69.2 percent) of all public assistance benefits that go to non-elderly families go to families in which at least one adult works.

If the bottom 30 percent of wage earners received a $1.17 per hour pay raise, more than 1 million working people would no longer need to rely on public assistance. For every $1 that wages rise among these low-wage workers, spending on government assistance programs falls by roughly $5.2 billion. Because this estimate is conservative and does not include the value of Medicaid benefits, it has the potential to be even higher.

Other findings from the paper include:

Raising the minimum wage to $12 by 2020 would reduce public assistance spending by $17 billion. These savings could be used to make improvements other anti-poverty programs, such the President Barack Obama’s proposal to expand the national school lunch program to provide food for children during the summer months.
Workers in the arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, food services, and retail trade industries are disproportionately represented among public assistance recipients.
Roughly 60 percent of all workers making less than $7.42 per hour receive some form of government-provided assistance, either directly or through a family member.
More than half (52.6 percent) of workers paid between $7.42 and $9.91 per hour receive public assistance, either directly or through a family member.
Nearly half (46.9 percent) of all working recipients of public assistance work full time.

[From a press release]

Author: Economic Policy Institute

Wage inequality worsened in 2015, despite real wage gains

Increasing minimum wage reduces public assistance costs