North Providence Is Energized By Solar Project


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Mayor Charles Lombardi, left, discusses the merits of the solar landfill project with Town Council President Kristen Catanzaro, center, and member Alice Brady. (Tim Faulkner/ecoRI News)

NORTH PROVIDENCE — Local solar energy got a boost Tuesday night from the Town Council.

At the urging of Mayor Charles Lombardi, the council voted unanimously to move ahead with a plan to consider dropping property taxes for the development of a solar array at the town’s old landfill.

Lombardi has implored the council for several months to move forward with the project, to take advantage of a state renewable energy incentive program — a program that would deliver reliable revenue to the town. Six solar developers responded to an initial inquiry to develop a 3-megawatt array on the 15-acres site.

Lombardi said the town would receive an annual fee from the owner of the solar array in lieu of taxes. Other proposed uses for the site, he said, such as a playground and wind turbines weren’t viable due to noise and gas leaking from the former Superfund site.

“We’re trying to get additional revenue from a barren piece of property,” the mayor said.

A solar project, Lombardi added, would allow the town to participate in Rhode Island’s popular distributed generation program. The four-year trial program is designed to boost local renewable energy projects by offering incentives such as fixed pricing for electricity generated from wind, solar and hydroelectric projects.

Two residents spoke at the Jan. 8 meeting. Joseph Muschiano was skeptical of a project that had yet to receive a formal bid from a developer. “You’re just asking us to throw away 20 years of taxes and letting this guy come in,” he said.

James Grande liked that the project was quiet, unlike the dirt bikes and four-wheelers that frequent the area. “You want something that’s not going to create any noise versus creating noise,” he said.

Of the six initial proposals, the town has taken an interest in a submission from Belmont, Calif.-based SunEdison. All of the developers sought tax relief before moving forward with the project, Lomabrdi said. The Town Council must approve the tax deal. Tuesday’s vote by the council requests the town’s ordinance committee to move forward with the mayor’s request to grant the tax break.

Richard Fossa, Lombardi’s chief of staff, said the land isn’t suited for businesses or recreation. “You are not going to get any restaurant or people on the grass. Nobody wants to go there,” Fossa said.

Lombardi noted that the site currently has no access to public water, sewage or electricity.

The state Department of Environmental Management (DEM) classified the site as suitable for a solar project, according to Fossa. If built, the town would be responsible for cutting the grass at the site and monitoring environmental conditions at the former landfill. The owner of the project would pay the cost of building a fence around the site. DEM allows new construction to disturb 30 inches of the landfill topsoil, or cap. But Fossa said the solar project wouldn’t require digging and instead be secured by weights.

Chris Kearns of the state Office of Energy Resources presented an overview of the state’s distributed generation contract law, which the General Assembly passed in 2011. The program reserves an allotment of generated electricity each year to be used for renewable projects. The electricity is typically more expensive than standard fossil-fuel-based power. The cost for the green energy is subsidized by National Grid ratepayers.

Renewable energy, Kearns said, is needed to diversify Rhode Island’s power generation supply. Currently, about 98 percent of the state’s electricity is produced by natural gas. The proposed project also would help the state reach its goal of 16 percent renewable power generation by 2019.

So far, 15 solar projects and one wind turbine have been approved under the distributed generation program. Of the municipally backed projects, East Providence received a contract for a 3.7-megawatt solar landfill project. Westerly is considering a similar solar array on town land. Kearns said Bristol and Glocester are seeking permits for large solar energy systems.

The 70-acre site in North Providence was an active regional landfill from 1967-83. It was declared a Superfund site in 1989 and capped in 2007.

“I think this the best idea for the neighborhood,” Council member Stephen Feola said. “This isn’t going to generate any traffic. It’s a win-win. It’s a no-brainer.”

By TIM FAULKNER/ecoRI News

ecoRI News is a Providence-based nonprofit journalistic initiative devoted to educating readers about the causes, consequences and solutions to local environmental issues and problems.

Renewable Energy, Climate Change Drive R.I. Policy


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State House Dome from North Main Street
State House Dome from North Main Street
The State House dome from North Main Street. (Photo by Bob Plain)

Renewable energy isn’t just wind turbines and solar panels. There also is loads of politics, planning, economics and science involved with any green power project. The state Office of Energy Resources (OER), under the guidance of director Marion Gold and Office of Administration director Richard Licht, intends to harmonize these sometime discordant forces.

The Renewable Energy Coordinating Board (RECB) recently addressed several of these issues:

Offshore wind. Leases for the offshore wind farms proposed for 164,750 acres off the Rhode Island and Masachusett coast is unexpectedly subject to a live bidding process. This bidding makes it easier for developers to surpass local construction jobs, as well as the use of the wind energy. This new multi-factor bidding format allows developers with greater resources to build and assemble the turbines in another state or country. The green electricity might also bypass Rhode Island if a larger pool of developers bid for the power-purchase agreement.

“It’s not a good situation,” Licht said. He said he met with Senators Sheldon Whitehouse, D-R.I., and Jack Reed, D-R.I., to discuss the unfavorable lease-auction agreement. He also plans to address the issue during a public seminar in Narragansett on Jan. 15.

Less gas. Natural gas supplies 98 percent of Rhode island’s electricity supply. The state goal for renewable energy aims for 16 percent renewable electricity by 2019. “How do we address the fact that we have a lot of natural gas but we know that natural gas is not the be-all and end-all,” Gold said. “We don’t want to be 100 percent reliant on natural gas.”

A RECB subcommittee is reviewing the existing legislation and setting targets for renewable energy and emissions. A report is expected in March.

“We have to look at this in an integrated way,” Licht said. “Recognizing that we do have the concern for economic development and the cost of energy in the short term, but there are long-term costs to natural gas.”

Renewable Energy Certificates. REC prices have soared during the past year. RECs are purchased by electricity generators in order to meet annual renewable energy production goals. Since December 2011 REC prices have jumped from a range of $15-$30 to $64. Each REC represents 1 megawatt-hour of electricity generated by a renewable energy source.

Nicholas Ucci, a policy analysts for the state Public Utilities Commission (PUC), attributes the increase on the low price of natural gas. Low prices have reduced production of more expensive biomass power, which burn landfill gas, clean wood and agricultural waste. Natural gas, Ucci said, “pushed these other resources off the margin in the energy market.”

Other factors in the price increase include fewer RECs available for purchase from hydro and wind power produced in other states; increased demand from state renewable energy mandates; fewer new renewable power sources due to the economic slowdown; and uncertainty about expiring federal tax credits.

Some at the meeting asked if moratoriums and public opposition to wind energy have also slowed development.

“Everything hinges on Washington,” Ucci said. “If they can get their act together. If they don’t pass or extend the production tax credit — it already has a chilling effect on development. I’m really not sure where that industry goes without that, outside of significant state-level subsidies, which the industry is already receiving.“

Higher REC prices have increased funds for the state’s Renewable Energy Fund (REF), which funds local green energy projects. Traditional energy producers have bought less-expensive alternative compliance payments instead of RECs. These payments added $4.5 million to the REF in 2012.

Ucci said the PUC has a strong relationships with similar entities in the Northeast. The groups are collaborating on improving their energy buying power, enhancing power transmission and finding suitable locations for new renewable energy projects. Maine, which has paused new wind projects, offers the best locations for new wind turbines.

Climate change. Grover Fugate, director of the state Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC), reminded the committee that renewable energy is needed to temper the impact of climate change. Recent findings from Hurricane Sandy revealed that offshore storm waves reached 47 feet in height, when waves of a maximum of 30 feet were predicted.

“Climate Change is something that’s going to come in play more and more in this whole arena,” Fugate said. “And I think it’s going to force (development of) a lot more renewable energy.”

By TIM FAULKNER/ecoRI News

ecoRI News is a Providence-based nonprofit journalistic initiative devoted to educating readers about the causes, consequences and solutions to local environmental issues and problems.

New Providence Bike Plan Looks for Safer Routes

By JOANNA DETZ/ecoRI News

PROVIDENCE — Those who had cycled to the Bike Providence Public Workshop at Exchange Terrace downtown arrived to find there was no bike rack. Instead, they made do by hitching their rides to lampposts and parking signs.

The omission of amenities such as bike racks in commercial hubs was just one of the topics discussed in the first of two workshops designed to engage the community in a new bike plan for the city.

Providence’s original bike plan was implemented in 2007 and 2008 and included signing and striping bike corridors throughout the city. The final piece of the original plan was completed in fall 2011 with the striping of bike lanes on Broadway.

This new bike plan, spearheaded by the city of Providence and Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Inc. (VHB), an engineering firm headquartered in Waltham, Mass., is being funded with a $33,000 challenge grant from the state Department of Transportation, and will guide the investment of future funding into the city’s bicycle network through a program of recommended short-, medium- and long-term capital improvements.

Most in attendance at a Dec. 13 workshop were avid bikers who cycle daily. When asked about the biggest hurdle to biking in Providence, many in the audience jokingly called out, “hills.” But the unanimous and serious answer was “lack of safe bike routes.”

Since many of the routes that were signed and striped in the city’s original bike plan were highly trafficked roads suitable only for cyclists confident in navigating the perils of urban bicycling, the new plan is working to identify alternate routes on less-traveled roadways. Once identified, these roadways will be designated with signage as shared lanes — bikes and cars.

However, any long-term solutions, such as the addition of dedicated bike lanes, will need to be tied to the city’s $40 million road repaving project set to begin this spring.

Between now and then the city and VHB are looking to cyclists to provide input on best routes to commercial centers and hubs around the city by logging their rides using a smartphone app.

David Everett, the city’s principal planner, said the bike plan is scheduled to be completed by early spring to coincide with the beginning of the city’s repaving project.

“We want to get more people to cycle and bring biking into the mainstream as a viable form of transportation,” Everett said.

ecoRI News is a Providence-based nonprofit journalistic initiative devoted to educating readers about the causes, consequences and solutions to local environmental issues and problems.

Electric Vehicles to be Plugged Into State’s Fleet

By Tim Faulkner/ecoRI News

For the first time, Rhode Island is including electric vehicles in its annual purchase of state cars and trucks. As another first, cities and towns can also buy EVs and other fuel-efficient vehicles through the program.

The new vehicles include the all-electric Ford Focus, Nissan Leaf and Honda Fit. Plug-in gas-electric models include the Chevy Volt, Ford C-Max, Toyota Prius Hatchback and Ford Fusion.

The state operates only one charging station of six across the sate. Officials hope that offering EVs will promote the installation of many more.

Ron Renaud, executive director of the Department of Administration, set a target of 20 percent fuel-efficient and alternative-fuel vehicles for the state’s fleet, which includes State Police vehicles. He didn’t set a timeline, but said, “We’re going to start directing people toward this new technology.”

State agencies have been buying hybrid and natural gas cars and trucks for several years in order to meet requirements set by the U.S. Department of Energy. Some state vehicles run on compressed natural gas. The state operates two natural-gas fueling stations — in Cranston and at the University of Rhode Island — and intends to add more to its 15 gas stations across the state.

Renaud said federal stimulus money is available to pay a portion of the cost to install new charging stations. This money can also fund some of the price for plug-in electric vehicles.

The State Division of Purchases annually submits a public request aimed at dealerships and other vehicle sales groups to bid on pricing for hundreds of vehicle models. Based on the pricing, state agencies submit requests to buy new vehicles through the Division of Purchases. Agencies pay for the vehicles from their budget or through the state revolving loan fund.

This year, cities and towns can benefit from the purchasing power of the program by procuring their vehicles from the master price list.

Renaud said the state fleet of about 1,200 cars, vans, SUVs and pickups is showing its age, with an average age of 10. Up to 100 new vehicles are bought annually through the program, but fewer vehicles have been purchased in recent years because of the poor economy.

“We’re moving toward a green environment and less of a carbon footprint,” Renaud said.

ecoRI News is a Providence-based nonprofit journalistic initiative devoted to educating readers about the causes, consequences and solutions to local environmental issues and problems.

Bottled Water Purchases Dehydrate R.I.’s Budget


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Bottles and cans and just clap your hands ... or don't. The General Assembly spends more than $50,000 on bottled water and soda annually. (Tim Faulkner/ecoRI News)

Bottled water is big business in the United States. How big? Well, according to a report by the Beverage Marketing Corporation, U.S. consumers chugged 8.6 billion gallons of bottled water in 2008, representing nearly 29 percent of the liquid beverage market and exceeding sales of all other beverages except carbonated soft drinks.

You might expect ecoRI News to report on the outrageous environmental costs of depleted aquifers and plastic waste associated with the bottled water industry, or even the ridiculous retail markup on a product that most consider a human right, but this story is centered on the indubitable waste of taxpayer dollars on bottled water in Rhode Island.

In the past few years, sales of bottled water have declined slightly, but bottled water still remains the second largest selling pre-packaged beverage in the country. This recent dip in sales can be partially attributed to the decline of the economy and partially to increased awareness of the environmental costs of bottling this important resource. Nielsen Scantrack data, as of December 2011, estimated the average cost of a gallon of bottled water at $1.47. The same volume of water from the tap, at current U.S. average rates, costs 0.15 cents, or less than two-tenths of a penny.

According to information from the state’s open government portal, Rhode Island state agencies spent more than $110,000 in taxpayer dollars on bottled water in fiscal 2011. At the aforementioned average rate of $1.47 per gallon that amounts to slightly less than 75,000 gallons of bottled water.

The actual rate for public drinking water in Providence — where the largest percentage of government agencies are based — is about 0.46 cents a gallon. At that rate, 75,000 gallons of water would cost $345. At literally any rate, using tap water would have eliminated about 98 percent of that $110,000 bottled water expenditure.

These purchases seem to fly even further into the face of common sense given that as recently as 2009 Providence’s public drinking water was rated second best in the nation for taste and lack of contaminants by the Environmental Working Group.

In fact, given the state’s crumbling water infrastructure and the contamination of the public water supply by lead pipes and galvanic corrosion in some of the oldest pipes in the nation, any tax dollars spent on bottled water, rather than on improvements to our public drinking water systems, seem extravagant.

The General Assembly contracts with Coca-Cola to provide not only Dasani brand bottled water, which is simply filtered tap water, but soft drinks, as well. In fiscal 2011, the legislature spent more than $42,000 on Coke-brand beverages — about $18,000 of which was for glorified tap water and the remainder was spent on cans of soda laden with high-fructose corn syrup and artificial colorings.

The General Assembly, which is only in session for six months out of the year, also contracted with theCulligan water company and DS Waters for coolers and water amounting to more than $8,700, bringing the grand total of bottled water and cooler expenditures at the Statehouse to nearly $27,000.

Even if you don’t begrudge your tax dollars being spent on astronomical markups on a natural resource — or on your local senator and representative’s soft drink habits — there are companies in Rhode Island that could provide these overpriced products and services.

The Ocean State is home to two spring water bottlers — Crystal Spring in Middletown and Girard Spring in North Providence. Both have assured ecoRI News that they have the capacity to provide bottled water to every state agency at nearly the same cost as Poland Spring. The state even promotes an underutilized buy local campaign.

The General Assembly’s spending on soft drinks is even more mind boggling, considering that in 2004 the legislature saw fit to deem Yacht Club Soda as “Rhode Island’s Official Soda.”

While the General Assembly is freezing cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs), state lawmakers are downing plenty of out-of-state cola and marked-up bottled water. If the economy is forcing citizens to tighten their purse strings and forego raises, there’s no reason state government shouldn’t do the same. Plus, there are better ways — both environmentally and financially — to rehydrate lawmakers and staffers without buying them water in a throwaway plastic bottle with a massive carbon footprint.

… read the full story AND leave your comments on ecoRI News.

Could R.I. Be the Next Social Enterprise Hub?


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The Social Enterprise Ecosystem Economic Development (SEEED) Summit was held March 16 and 17 at Brown University. (Kyle Hence/ecoRI News staff)

Business leaders, legislators, academics, researchers, students and social entrepreneurs from across the country gathered March 16 and 17 for a two-day conference at Brown University to advance social enterprise as a new paradigm for economic development.

In a speech Saturday, Rep. David Cicilline, D-R.I., said he was drafting the first proposed national legislation to directly support social enterprise — an emerging movement that innovates new business models to help solve social and environmental ills.

“You are the game-changers we need, you are the economic engine regenerating our communities,” Cicilline said. “Social enterprise has the greatest potential to deliver the products and services that solve the major challenges we face. It’s a movement whose time has come.”

Cicilline is committed to introducing social enterprise legislation in the next several weeks, according to a senior staffer. His proposed draft legislation would amend the Small Business Act to direct the Small Business Administration to aid and assist small businesses that are mission-driven enterprises by providing access to capital and technical assistance and establishing an Office of Social Entrepreneurship, and it would identify ways the government could leverage existing programs and resources to better support nonprofit social enterprises.

With the former mayor’s announcement of in-the-works federal legislation, which was greeted by great applause inside Alumnae Hall, the city, the state and its elected officials have now clearly emerged as leaders and innovators within a national movement toward social enterprise, largely catalyzed by Social Venture Partners of Rhode Island (SVPRI).

The Social Enterprise Ecosystem Economic Development (SEEED) Summit was organized by SVPRI in partnership with Brown University and with the support of a number of nonprofits, corporations and foundations, including The Rhode Island Foundation and the Rhode Island Council for the Humanities.

If the collapsing economic system were the Titanic, then social enterprise is one of the lifeboats. Social enterprise encompasses often-visionary yet eminently practical business structures, where profit motive meets social mission and community focus merges with global thinking to solve pervasive problems.

A social enterprise can be a for-profit company with a social mission, or a nonprofit that operates an aligned for-profit business to help sustain its operations, according to Kelly Ramirez, executive director of Social Venture Partners of Rhode Island.

About 90 percent of U.S. consumers identify themselves as socially responsible, and there are more than 30,000 social enterprises nationwide, according to SVPRI’s Mary Bergeron.

Social enterprise is a nascent movement searching to define itself with a new lexicon for new structures and new ways of thinking. A social enterprise ecosystem is the social, organizational and financial infrastructure — the fertile soil — needed for the “seed” of a social venture to take root and grow. Well-developed ecosystems or developing hubs are emerging in Durham, N.C.Seattle and Cincinnati.

These enterprises fills both mission and economic niches in their communities, and are a vital part of the answer to commonly faced problems. Cicilline understood this implicitly when he said at the close of the conference:

“Our social entrepreneurs have the talent, the drive and the ability to leverage a relatively small amount of dollars into enough resources to identify and implement solutions to some of the most pressing challenges in our community, in our country and in our world. It’s economic imperative, it’s a social imperative, it’s a moral imperative and it cuts across partisanship, and it’s right here in your home town, or it’s halfway around the world.”

… read the full story on ecoRI News.

To Burn or to Bury: Is that the Question?


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No gull can eat just one. The seagulls have left the Central Landfill... for now.

It seems the seagull problem at the Central Landfill in Johnston has been rectified, at least temporarily, but the Rhode Island Resource Recovery Corporation (RIRRC) continues to address the problem of odors emanating from the landfill and, given the fact that organic matter continues to be buried there, will probably be dealing with this issue well beyond the estimated 20-year remaining lifespan of the facility.

Meanwhile, the local environmental advocacy community and renewable energy business sector continue to fret over Rep. Jon Brien’s, D-Woonsocket, proposal to overturn Rhode Island’s ban on waste incineration and reclassifying any energy produced through the process as renewable.

The short remaining lifespan of the state landfill is of paramount concern to taxpayers. When the landfill is closed — in about 20 years, if we continue our current disposal habits — Rhode Island will most likely have to ship its waste out of state, either by land or by sea, and that added transportation cost will undoubtedly cause the cost of waste disposal to skyrocket overnight.

Waste-to-energy (WtE) incineration may seem like a solution to some, but the burning of anything — whether it be landfill gases or garbage — carries with it a host of environmental problems. And as we learned last year with the failure of the gas collection system at the landfill, even the strictest environmental controls — like all manmade things — can, and usually will, eventually fail.

It’s no secret that waste incineration, as an industry, is historically notorious for polluting our air and water. The clouds of noxious gases that emanate from improperly controlled, monitored and/or maintained incinerators have racked up many a violation of the federal Clean Air and Water acts.

WtE incinerators, however, don’t eliminate the need for landfills. Most of the ash that is produced by the industry is landfilled, but some states have issued beneficial use determinations for bottom ash, allowing it to be used for road building and, oddly enough, landfill cover.

Landfills carry their own set of ecological problems. Leachate from lined and unlined, closed and open landfills can contaminate ground and surface water. Most modern landfills have sophisticated leachate collection systems, but keep in mind that these systems can and do fail. Our own Central Landfill, according to the Environmental Protection Agency’s Enforcement & Compliance History Online database, has been out of compliance with the Clean Water Act for the past three years.

The real question for Rhode Island isn’t whether to burn or bury our waste, but how do we reduce our need for either of these options as we move forward? Producer responsibility, changing our approach from encouragement to enforcement of recycling laws in the business sector, composting food waste on a large scale and increasing our municipal recycling rates should be the focus.

Read the full article on ecoRI News.

Two Groups Address West Side ‘Food Desert’


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Fertile Underground produce head Michael Giroux chats up a customer on a recent Sunday afternoon. (Dave Fisher/ecoRI News)

Providence’s West Side is what food policy wonks call a food desert. That doesn’t mean there’s no food available in the area; it means there’s a lack of access to fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables. The neighborhood has its share of convenience stores and smaller markets for meats and such, but, until recently, the community lacked a grocery store within walking distance for the socio-economically diverse area.

Two groups have been attempting to address this need.

Fertile Underground was conceived by a group of artists conversing about ways to directly address the issues of food access, personal health in modern life, creative process and connection to nature. Late last year, the organization opened its grocery/café a few days a week, and about six weeks ago, began opening the store seven days a week.

The store is focused more on supplying fresh produce to neighborhood shoppers, but has expanded its selections to include quite a few dry goods, dairy and frozen goods that are organically and/or locally produced. Fertile Underground also has a small café in the store that offers light breakfast and lunch items, coffee, tea and fresh baked goods.

Urban Greens began as a bulk buying group, organized in 2001 by a group of West Side business people and artists. Urban Greens provides the opportunity for local residents to come together and share in the process of acquiring groceries and save a few bucks at the same time.

Urban Greens would also like to open a full-service supermarket on the West Side. The group initially wanted to open at 1577 Westminster St. — now home to the other group attempting to moisten this food desert, Fertile Underground Natural Grocery — but found the space was too small to support a market that could provide one-stop shopping for West Siders. The group has about 300 members signed on for the co-op, and would like to double that number this year.

…Read the full story on ecoRI News.